The notion of amalgamation of product systems has been introduced in [7] which generalize the concept of Skeide product, introduced by Skeide, of two product systems via a pair of normalized units. In this paper we show that amalgamation leads to a setup where a product system is generated by two subsystems and conversely whenever a product system is generated by two subsystems, it could be realized as an AMALGAMATED product. We parameterize all contractive morphism from a Type I product system to another Type I product system and compute index of AMALGAMATED product through contractive morphisms.

Poetic figures of speech are among the factors which their prominence in a poet’s poetry makes up his/her specific style. One of the figures of speech and poetic techniques is allusive figures of speech or AMALGAMATED allusions. As the name entails, these are types of figures in which allusion is located at the center and amalgamates with other figures. Such amalgamation brings about a novel complicated figure of speech.One special type of allusive figures of speech is an allusion which is occasionally AMALGAMATED with metaphor and ambiguity, and at times in addition to metaphor and ambiguity with simile. The origin of this figure, which is recently referred to as “metaphoric ambiguous allusion, is traced back to Hakim baz in Persian literature.Although, poetry of Hafez is replete with metaphoric ambiguous allusion, it is considerably ubiquitous in Indian style in a way that its ignorance especially in Saeb’s poetry implies the denial of one of its foremost stylistic qualities.

In this paper we use \ring changed" Gorenstein homological dimensions to de ne Cohen-Macaulay injective, projective and at dimensions. To do this we use the AMALGAMATED duplication of the base ring with semi-dualizing ideals. Finiteness of these new dimensions characterize Cohen-Macaulay rings with dualizing ideals.

Let be a commutative Noetherian ring and let I be a proper ideal of. D’ Anna and Fontana in [6] introduced a new construction of ring, named AMALGAMATED duplication of along I. In this paper by considering the ring homomorphism, it is shown that if, then, also it is proved that if, then there exists such that. Using this result it is shown that if is generically Cohen-Macaulay (resp. generically Gorenstein) and is generically maximal Cohen-Macaulay (resp. a generically canonical module), then is generically Cohen-Macaulay (resp. generically Gorenstein). We also defined the notion of generically quasi-Gorenstein ring and we investigate when is generically quasi-Gorenstein. In addition, it is shown that is approximately Cohen-Macaulay if and only if R is approximately Cohen-Macaulay, provided some special conditions. Finally it is shown that if R is approximately Gorenstein, then is approximately Gorenstein.

Purpose: Food security is a critical global challenge that is influenced by research and innovation in the field. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the scientific output of developing countries in food security and examine its relationship with patents and Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Methodology: This applied research utilized the Scientometric approach. A total of 8,416 papers published between 1992-2023 in the field of food security by developing countries were included in the study using citation databases from Clarivate Analytics. Additionally, patent registrations from the WIPO database and GDP data from the World Bank were analyzed. Information was collected through note-taking, and the data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.Findings: The findings reveal an upward trend in the publication and citation of scientific outputs related to food security in developing countries. China has higher numbers of papers, patents, GDP, and food production index compared to Iran, Japan, and South Korea. There is also a positive correlation observed between population and the number of papers, gross production and the number of papers, food production and the number of published papers, as well as the number of patents and papers citing scientific outputs of countries.Conclusion: These results highlight the significant relationship between increasing scientific output, GDP, the number of patents, and food security. Greater emphasis on food security contributes to enhanced scientific output, GDP, and innovation. Similarly, increasing scientific output, GDP, and innovation positively impact food security in countries.Value: This study emphasizes the importance of scientific outputs in driving technological advancements, innovations, and ultimately, ensuring food security in developing countries.

The present study dealt with the facile synthesis of Tulsi honey-doped cerium oxide (TH/CeO2) through a reflux method. The sample was characterized using UV-Visible, FTIR, TEM, and XRD techniques. The photocatalytic studies were implemented on Rh-B (Rhodamine B) dye using TH/CeO2 and showing 95% degradation after 80 minutes, following a first-order kinetic rate of the reaction and with a half-life (t1/2) period of about 42.58 minutes. The cyclic voltammetry method was used to analyse the redox behaviour of TH doped CeO2 in a 1 M KCl solution using a nickel mesh electrode, indicating a significant improvement in electrochemical properties such as capacitance (Csp), diffusion coefficient (D), and reversibility (ER). The prepared nanocomposite was used to detect the sensor activity of Hg+2 and Pb+2 ions using cyclic voltammetry. Here, Hg+2 and Pb+2 sensors demonstrated better sensing properties using the prepared material. The generated TH/CeO2 exhibited 88% free radical scavenging activity using 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, with IC50 value of 339.449 mg/mL.

In this paper, using a relation between Schur multipliers of pairs and triples of groups, the fundamental group and homology groups of a homotopy pushout of Eilenberg-MacLane spaces, we present among other things some behaviors of Schur multipliers of pairs and triples with respect to free, AMALGAMATED free, direct PRODUCTS and direct limits of groups with topological approach.

This experiment was designed to survey the nutritive value and estimate protected-protein level of Protanomix as a new protein source and compare it with soybean meal. Protanomix is a brown powder by separating the precipitate produced from the reaction of tannin with corn-steep liquor. Crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME) in this protein source is nearly similar to soybean meal, and more than 80% of its protein content is insoluble. In this study, potential of in vitro gas production in Protanomix was significantly (P˂0.001) lower than the control treatment (soybean meal); however, substitution of soybean meal at different levels of Protanomix in experimental diets did not lead to significant changes in gas production parameters (P˃0.05). Comparing Protanomix with soybean meal (control) showed that in vitro truly degraded dry matter (IVTDDM), estimated metabilizable energy (ME) and pH were similar (P˃0.05). However, short chain fatty acids (SCFA), apparently in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMAD) and ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3) were significantly higher in soybean meal (P˂0.01) than Protanomix, while partitioning factor (PF), microbial protein synthesis (MPS) and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (EMPS) were greater in Protanomix than soybean meal (P˂0.05). Nonetheless, when soybean meal was substituted with different levels of Protanomix in the experimental diets, only concentration of ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3) was significantly decreased (P˂0.001).

Considering the adverse effects of storage insect pests and their resistance to chemical insecticides, identifying safe, cost-effective, and durable methods to control and reduce storage pest-induced damage appears essential. Utilizing diatomaceous earth is one alternative to chemical pesticides for controlling stored-product insect pests. This study evaluated the insecticidal activity of diatomaceous earth at a concentration of 0.2 mg/cm2 against two stored-PRODUCTS insect pests, Rhyzopertha dominica F. and Tribolium confusum Jacqulin Duval, on concrete, mosaic, and galvanized steel surfaces. To this end, the surfaces were treated with different diatomaceous earth formulations, including a commercial formulation, SilicoSec®, an Iranian formulation, Dryasil, Dryasil + 0.05% Mentha longifolia L. extract, and talcum powder + 0.05% M. longifolia extract. Mortality was measured 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after treatment. The experiment was conducted at 27 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5% relative humidity, and dark conditions. The experiments were performed in nine replications (10 adults in each replication). The mortality percentage of R. dominica 7 days after treatment with Silicosec®, Dryasil alone, Dryasil + 0.05% M. longifolia extract, and talcum powder + 0.05% M. longifolia extract on galvanized steel were 43.33, 54.44, 33.33, and 25.55%, respectively. The results indicated that the mortality percentage of T. confusum on galvanized steel was 35.55, 45.55, 26.66, and 23.33%, respectively. The mortality of T. confusum was lower than that of R. dominica adults. Results indicated that the insecticidal effect of diatomaceous earth increased over time. Diatomaceous earth alone had a more significant insecticidal effect than combining them with M. longifolia extract. The highest percentage of mortality in all treatments was found on the galvanized steel, mosaic, followed by concrete surfaces, respectively. Therefore, Dryasil formulation can be used to control stored-PRODUCTS pests in grain silos, although its insecticidal efficacy varies based on surface type